Balancing Conservation and Survival: Protecting Kigezi's Wetlands Without Displacing Its People.

Protecting Wetlands and Communities: A Balanced Approach for Kigezi,By Davis Owomugisha Kanzikwera.

Recently, the president directed the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) to remove all individuals encroaching on wetlands. This directive aims to protect Uganda's valuable wetland ecosystems from further degradation. However, for the people of Kigezi, who heavily depend on these wetlands for their livelihood, this presents a complex challenge. Understanding the crucial role wetlands play in their lives is essential to crafting a solution that balances environmental conservation with community needs.

In Kigezi, wetlands are more than just natural resources; they are lifelines. These areas provide fertile soil, rich in nutrients, which supports the cultivation of various crops such as rice, yams, and vegetables. For many families, farming in wetlands is not a choice but a necessity, as the land's fertility ensures food security and a stable income.

Additionally, wetlands in Kigezi act as natural water reservoirs. They store water during the rainy season and release it during dry periods, guaranteeing a consistent water supply for domestic use and irrigation. This natural water management is critical in a region where alternative water sources may be scarce or unreliable.

Fishing is another essential activity supported by wetlands. These ecosystems are breeding grounds for fish, providing a crucial source of protein and income for local communities. Wetlands also help regulate the local climate by maintaining humidity and moderating temperatures, creating a stable environment for agriculture and habitation.

Moreover, wetlands play a significant role in flood control. They absorb excess rainwater, reducing the risk of floods that could devastate homes and farmlands. For the people of Kigezi, this natural flood management is indispensable.

While the president's directive to remove encroachers aims to protect these vital ecosystems, it also poses a significant threat to the livelihoods of those who rely on wetlands for survival. The people of Kigezi have no alternative sources of sustenance that can match the benefits provided by wetlands. Evicting them without providing viable alternatives would lead to economic hardship and food insecurity.

Therefore, it is crucial to consider a balanced approach that addresses both environmental conservation and the needs of local communities. 

Here are some suggestions for such an approach:

 Engage local communities in the conservation process. Educate them about the importance of wetlands and involve them in decision-making. When people understand the value of wetlands and have a say in their management, they are more likely to support conservation efforts.

Provide training and resources for alternative livelihoods that do not depend on wetland resources. For example, promoting sustainable agriculture techniques that can be used on non-wetland land, or supporting small-scale businesses that can thrive outside wetland areas.

 Encourage and support eco-friendly farming practices that allow for the sustainable use of wetlands. Agroforestry, organic farming, and controlled grazing are some methods that can help reduce the impact on wetlands while still providing for the community's needs.

 Implement wetland rehabilitation programs that restore degraded areas while providing employment opportunities for local people. These programs can help communities transition to new ways of living while actively participating in the conservation of their environment.

 Invest in infrastructure that supports sustainable water management, such as rainwater harvesting systems and irrigation technologies. This can reduce the dependency on wetlands for water supply and help manage agricultural needs more effectively.

 Develop and enforce policies that balance environmental protection with human needs. This includes creating buffer zones around wetlands, regulating land use, and providing clear guidelines on sustainable practices.

The president's directive to remove encroachers from wetlands highlights the urgent need to protect Uganda's valuable ecosystems. However, it is essential to recognize the critical role that wetlands play in the lives of the people of Kigezi. A balanced approach that involves community engagement, alternative livelihoods, sustainable practices, and effective policy enforcement can achieve both conservation goals and protect the well-being of local communities. By working together, we can ensure the preservation of wetlands and the survival of those who depend on them.